Back ridge Rather than working under the top loops or ‘V’ of foundation chain, turn chain upside-down, insert hook under the single strand of yarn that is bump│ridge-like in appearance, work stitch as normal.
PM (place marker) Place marker in│around│through stitch just made or as instructed.
Stacked dc (stacked double crochet) Sc in indicated st, insert hook from front to back in back leftmost vertical bar of sc just made and pull up a loop, yo and draw through 2 loops on hook. You may replace this stitch with traditional ch 3 if desired.
Beg Ldc (Beginning Linked double crochet) Insert hook from right to left under front leftmost vertical leg on stacked dc just made, pull up a loop, insert hook in next st, pull up a loop, [yo, draw through 2 loops] twice.
Ldc (Linked double crochet) Insert hook from top to bottom under horizontal bar on post of previous stitch, pull up a loop, insert hook in next st, pull up a loop, [yo, draw through 2 loops] twice.